Background:

Several developing countries with emerging economies transitioned from being recipients of international aid to lenders and donors. Many of them are currently developing their global development strategy to provide financial and technical assistance to other countries. For example, in 2011 the Philippines lent over US$ 125 million to several European countries such as Ireland, Portugal and Greece through the International Monetary Fund (IMF). A more prominent example is Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) adopted by China in 2013 that involves infrastructure development and investments in almost 70 countries. Moreover, India’s aid to other developing countries aims to increase its geopolitical influence and economic competitiveness in South Asia and Africa. So far, India has extended concessional credit lines worth US$ 8.7 billion to African countries.

Course Objectives: