Anti-Muslim sentiment already existed prior to the 9/11 attacks, specifically in American literature and popular culture. Whether it is the trope of the hooked-nose Arab terrorist or the hypersexualized hijab wearing female – there seems to be a formulaic quality attached to these tropes. What is the difference between using harmful tropes and transformative storylines incorporating Muslims? What are the ways in which American Muslim identity is challenged due to Muslim misrepresentation? What does it mean to be a Muslim 20 years after 9/11? This seminar seeks to critically investigate misrepresentations of American Muslims in TV series and various literary works, whilst positioning them against the backdrop of American foreign policy and American nationalism. Students will be expected to purchase Ms. Marvel Kamala Khan (2020) by G. Willow Wilson and Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007).